Advances in technology have prompted scientists to be able to dedicate himself in digging things are still unspoiled. Technology has now reach into every field, even to describe how a painting from the masterpiece created a masterpiece. The latest imaging technology has been used to see layer upon layer of paint and pencil used a famous artist, Rembrandt.
Art historians and scientists used imaging methods to explore and scan the virtual layer upon layer of a masterpiece painting. It is hoped that the information obtained can be a comparison of how an artist works or what kind of painting techniques used to produce a beautiful painting. This method is used to protect the original painting technique used because it is not nature does not destroy or injure the original work.
The study, led by Matthias Alfeld from the University of Antwerp in Belgium, which is published in Springer journals Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing, take the subject of the painting Susanna and The Elder works of Rembrandt van Rijn to be investigated and unearthed information. They use a combination of three imaging techniques to obtain valuable information as complete as possible about what is on the back of the complexity of the creation of a masterpiece in detail.
Rembrant van Rijn painting titled Susanna and The Elder, dated 1647 and tertandatangani it depends on Gemaldegalerie museum. An art museum in Germany where the painting has changes quite a lot of art called pentimenti under the existing composition. Pentimenti taken from the verb speaking Italian, which means pentire repent). Revealed in the 1930s by using X-ray radiography (XRR) first.
The investigation resumed in 1994 using neutron activation autoradiography (Naar-Neutron Activation autoradiography). In this technique the scientists discovered more hidden details about the changes made with pigments other than white lead (basic material oil paint on the painting). Then the team used a technique Fluorescence Alfeld macro-x-ray (MA-XRF) scan, the technique used can be done in one day by using this type of scanner home in a museum in Berlin. The results are then compared with the radiographic images of paintings. With imaging technology is expected to uncover the secrets contained within the painting, both the elements and painting techniques used.
Susanna and The Elder is a masterpiece of a great artist Rembrandt van Rijn that holds many secrets and spoil the eyes of lovers of painting because the optical effects of color created by the human mind can hypnotize
Alfeld team found that the images of the elements used are acquired by X-ray fluorescence scan the easiest to interpret. This is because most of the individual elements clearly separated. A broader elements can also be studied, compared to using autoradiography. However, X-ray fluorescence scan can be used to detect bone black on the surface of the painting and not the sub-surface layer, such as the hidden sketch found therein.
These three techniques (radiography X-ray early, Naar-Neutron Activation autoradiography and macro-X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scan that has recently developed) revealed major changes made to the painting. Autoradiography is a very suitable tool for studying pigments such as bone black, umber, green and blue copper-based, smalt and vermilion, but not for calcium, iron and tin. It is also the only method that is able to visualize the phosphorus, an element which is nonetheless present in the sketch paintings, which are in color bone black, in the lower layers of paint. With the X-ray radiography and autoradiography, a single brush strokes can be seen, which helped study looking at the painting techniques used.
Alfeld team chose to investigate Susanna and The Elder not only because pentimenti obvious, but also because of its smaller size that makes it easier to scan. Given the relatively short time and little effort required for investigation using X-ray fluorescence scan, the technique is expected to be applied more often in the future by using autoradiography imaging technology. The ability of the latter method is able to visualize the distribution of certain elements through the strong absorption of the base layer, and the two other methods have provided supplementary information.
Source: viva.co.id
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